Government Services and Facilities had the highest OT protocol exposure, at 63%.

Five sectors with the highest occurrences of exposed OT protocols were: Government Facilities – 63%, Information Technology – 10%, Energy – 10%, Healthcare and Public Health – 5%, Financial Services – 4%.

Top publicly exposed OT/ICS protocols observed in 2024 included Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture (OPC UA) – 43%, Distributed Network Protocol (DNP) – 22%, Niagara-Fox – 21%, Ethernet/IP – 10%, Modbus – 4%.

Government Services and Facilities had the highest exposure to publicly accessible OT (Operational Technology) protocols, with 63% exposure.